In fact, biomass is important also because it creates rural employment, it provides a lowcost energy source for households and industries, and it avoids largescale importation of alternative sources of energy. We can always grow trees and crops, and waste will always exist. Po box 1611, montpelier, vermont 05601 ph 8022237770 fax 8022237772. The possibility of using woody biomass for energy production and other products has. Biomass 2 known as other renewable energy sources like wind and solar, biomass is quickly growing in prominence. Interestingly, biomass production amounts to approximately 270 000 twh per year, or roughly twice as much, whereas the official figure of biomass use for energy applications is 10% of the global energy use. Biomass potential for energy production is promising. Biomass is used to meet a variety of energy needs, including generating electricity, heating homes, fueling vehicles and providing process. Before biomass can be turned into energy it needs to be grown, harvested, collected, distributed, treated, transported and stored. Biomass energy can be a net carbon neutral energy source if the biomass crops are replanted after harvesting, thus. It has been replaced by coal, natural gas, petroleum. Bioenergy a sustainable and reliable energy source.
Japan is a country poor in energy resources and has flourished. Efficiency, scale, and sustainability energy supply and use is a national priority and a major focus of national, state, and local policy makers. The coverage and discussion are multidisciplinary, reflecting the many scientific and engineering. For a biomass power station making electricity, its pretty much like a fossil fuel power station. Biomass is organic material that comes from plants and animals, and it is a renewable source of energy. Biomass is a good alternate of energy source for the fossil fuels. The potential of the biomass can also be equaled to the fossil fuels. The paper defines the resources as well as the ways biomass energy is. Biomass has always been a major source of energy for mankind and is presently estimated to contribute of the order 10 14% of the worlds energy supply. Only about 20% of the potentially available biomass as a source of energy were used in 1995. Pdf utility of duckweeds as source of biomass energy. Biomass is a resource that is present in a variety of different materials.
Biomass energy biomass is the most important source for energy productions supplied by agriculture. Types of biomass we use several types of biomass today, including wood, agricultural products, solid waste, landfill gas and biogas, and biofuels. The quest for alternative sources of energy has evoked the interest in exploring potentials of living biological wastes as new energy materials. Prepared with the input of more than 200 scientists, engineers, industry representatives, research managers, and other stakeholders, this document represents the synthesis of the biomass programs national algal. Table 1 provides a comparison among the dried energy densities of several common onfarm energy sources. Renewable biomass energy nisha sriram, member, ieee and mohammad shahidehpour, fellow, ieee electric power and power electronics center illinois institute of technology chicago, illinois 60616 abstract this paper discusses biomass as a renewable energy source. Any biomassenergy plan will most likely make use of a combination of several sources of biomass energy, which helps to both stabilize feedstock costs and improve surety of supply.
Biomass was one of the first energy resources, until replaced by fossil fuels, but this energy source is on the rise for many processes, including the production of electricity. Which biomass is the best source of alternative energy. It is the only renewable source that can replace fossil fuels in all energy markets in the production of heat, electricity, and fuels for transport. The potential of the biomass can also be equaled to the fossil fuels performance in providing great energy. Department of energy doe biomass programs national algal biofuels technology roadmap. With a few exceptions, the same is also true for waste materials and microorganisms, which makes biomass relatively. Introduction the inefficiency of handling and transporting. Fossil fuel as known for its emission of greenhouse gases makes the clean biomass energy become a good alternative. Biomass for renewable energy, fuels, and chemicals. For other biofuels, we may burn it to get the heat for our home, or burn it to get energy for a car engine, or for some other purpose. Pdf on feb 1, 2018, m papoutsidakis and others published the biomass as an energy source and its application benefits.
Biomass energy provides 68% of kenyas national energy requirements and it is expected to remain the main source of energy for the foreseeable future mugo and gathui, 2010. Biomass is a renewable energy source not only because the energy in it comes from the sun, but also because biomass can regrow over a relatively short period of time compared with the hundreds of millions of years that it took for fossil fuels to. Biomass for renewable energy, fuels, and chemicals serves as a comprehensive introduction to the subject for the student and educator, and is useful for researchers who are interested in the technical details of biomass energy production. When biomass is burned, the chemical energy in biomass is released as heat.
Berc works to advance the use of communityscale biomass energy throughout north america and beyond by providing technical consulting services, biomass energy program design and delivery, and education and outreach on benefits and best practices. Review paper energy production from biomass part 1. Biomass energy production and consumption by source and. Biomass is called a renewable energy source because we can grow more in a short period of time. This commentary explains the basics of biogas, with a focus on its current use and future. Biomass is economically reliable when it exists independently of government support, but when biomass is grown and used solely because of government intervention, as is often the case with animal waste and closedloop biomass energy sources, biomass is not an economically reliable electricity source. Biomass is a renewable energy source because its supplies are not limited. We use four types of biomass todaywood and agricultural products,solid waste, land. The significance of liquid fuel production from woody.
Advocates push to move biomass up the menu of renewable energy options. Three critical issues have arisen in the literature related to the use of woody biomass for energy. Biomass is the major source of energy in rural turkey. They are worried that farmers will produce energy crops instead of food or use natural areas, such as prairies or forests, to grow biomass. Oregon senate backs woody biomass as green energy read more. Total energy consumption in the philippines in 1995 is estimated to be about 32. Energy information administration, office of coal, nuclear, electric and alternative fuels.
Pdf this paper discusses biomass as a renewable energy source. The longterm energy savings of biomass energy typically outweigh the expenses that are associated with biogas plant construction and upkeep. However, with the emergence of global warming as a serious concern in. Wood and residues from wood, for instance spruce, birch, eucalyptus, willow, oil palm, remains the largest biomass.
Biomass is any organic matterwood, crops, seaweed, animal wastesthat can be used as an energy source. A fuel cell is an electrochemical device, like a battery in that it converts the energy from a chemical reaction directly into electricity and heat. In zambia it is estimated that 74% of cooking energy is from biomass energy, 16% from electricity and 10% from petroleum oil ngandwe and ncube, 2011. During photosynthesis, plants use light from the suns energy light en.
Effective harnessing of bioenergy can energize entire rural milieu in a country like india where nature offers various types of biomass. From all of these perspectives, the evidence gathered by the report leads to a simple conclusion. Cost s associated with the capital or investment expenditures on land, plant. This energy is also available in the form of biodegradable waste. Biomass energy consumption 1992 2 the transportation sector is referred to only in connection with ethanol, which is used in.
The biomass energy resource center berc is a program of vermont energy investment corporation veic. Organic matter that is used as a source of biomass energy includes trees, timber waste, wood chips, corn, rice hulls, peanut shells, sugar cane, grass cuttings, leaves, manure, sewage, and municipal solid waste. Doe and its partners are making sure that biomass and biofuels are produced in ways that do not harm people or the environment. Biomass resources that are available on a renewable basis and are used either directly as a fuel or converted to another form or energy product are commonly referred to as feedstocks. Biomass continues to be an important energy source for the commonwealth.
Biomass electricity is drawn from combusting or decomposing organic matter. The estimated biomass production in the world is approximately 100 billion metric tons of carbon per year, about half in the ocean and half on land. From 2004 to 20, employment in the biomass industry grew at an average rate of 8. First, the impact of biomass energy policies on carbon depends on the supply response, which include investments in new forests, increased management of existing forests, harvests of inaccessible and unmanaged forests in the extensive margin. Plants absorb the suns energy in a process called photosynthesis. Many bioenergy routes can be used to convert a range of raw biomass feedstocks into a final energy product. Biomass plants power homes and businesses with electricity from waste matter that would have been released into the atmosphere, added fuel to forest fires, or burdened landfills. Organic, non fossil material of biological origin constituting an exploitable energy source. But unlike a battery, which is limited to the stored chemicals within, a fuel cell has the capability of generating energy as long as fuel is. Lets talk about advantages and disadvantages of biomass energy. Use of biomass until the mid1800s, wood gave americans 90 percent of the energy they used. Calorific value variations in each component and biomassbased energy accumulation of redheart chinese fir plantations at different ages. Most professionals in the energy industry know about biomass.
1346 238 1306 533 79 1267 1146 1196 713 1007 1576 569 1330 793 883 1624 814 679 595 331 206 955 146 200 938 380 899 1437 58 1122 1259 894